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<p>声明<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/inline_function" class="extiw" title="enwiki:inline function">内联函数</a>。
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.AF.AD.E6.B3.95">语法</span></h3>
<table class="t-sdsc-begin">

<tr>
<td colspan="10" class="t-sdsc-sep">
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-sdsc">
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw1">inline</span></span></span> <span class="t-spar">function_declaration</span>
</td>
<td class="t-sdsc-nopad">
</td>
<td> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99 起)</span>
</td></tr>



<tr>
<td colspan="10" class="t-sdsc-sep">
</td></tr></table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.A7.A3.E9.87.8A">解释</span></h3>
<p><code><b>inline</b></code> 指定符的目的是提示编译器做优化，譬如函数内联，这要求编译方能见到函数的定义。编译器能（并且经常）为了优化的目的，忽略 <code>inline</code> 指定符的存在与否。
</p><p>若编译器进行函数内联，则它会以函数体取代所有对它的调用，以避免函数调用的开销（将数据置于栈上和取得结果），这可能会生成更大的可执行文件，因为函数可能会被重复多次。结果同<a href="../preprocessor/replace.html" title="c/preprocessor/replace">仿函数宏</a>，只是用于该函数的标识符和宏指代可见于定义点的定义，而不指代调用点的定义。
</p><p>不管是否进行内联，内联函数都保证下列语义：
</p><p>任何拥有内部链接的函数都可以声明成 <code>static inline</code> ，没有其他限制。
</p><p>一个非 static 的内联函数不能定义一个非 const 的函数局部 static 对象，并且不能使用文件作用域的 static 对象。
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="c source-c"><pre class="de1"><span class="kw4">static</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> x<span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw1">inline</span> <span class="kw4">void</span> f<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">void</span><span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
    <span class="kw4">static</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> n <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">1</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 错误：非 const 的 static 对象在非 static 的 inline 函数中</span>
    <span class="kw4">int</span> k <span class="sy1">=</span> x<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 错误：非 static 的 inline 函数访问 static 变量</span>
<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div></div>
<p>若非 static 函数声明为 <code>inline</code> ，则必须在同一翻译单元中定义它。不使用 <code>extern</code> 的内联定义不会对外部可见，而且不会阻止其他翻译单元定义同一函数。这使得 <code><b>inline</b></code> 关键词成了 <code>static</code> 外另一种在头文件定义函数的方式，可以由同一程序的多个翻译单元包含该头文件。
</p><p>若函数在一些翻译单元中声明为 <code>inline</code> ，它就不需要在处处皆声明为 inline ：至多一个单元会提供常规的非 inline 非 static 函数，或是声明为 <code>extern inline</code> 的函数。称此翻译单元提供<i>外部定义</i>。若在表达式中使用拥有外部链接的函数名，则程序中必须存在一个外部定义，见<a href="extern.html#.E4.B8.80.E4.B8.AA.E5.AE.9A.E4.B9.89.E8.A7.84.E5.88.99" title="c/language/extern">一个定义规则</a>。
</p><p>若程序存在外部定义，则函数的地址始终是外部函数的地址，但当用此地址做函数调用时，调用<i>内联函数</i>（若存在于翻译单元中）还是<i>外部函数</i>是未指定的。定义于内联定义中的 static 对象与定义于外部定义中的 static 对象有别：
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="c source-c"><pre class="de1"><span class="kw1">inline</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span> <span class="sy2">*</span>saddr<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">void</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="co1">// 用于此文件内的内联定义</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
    <span class="kw4">static</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span> name<span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="st0">"saddr"</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    <span class="kw1">return</span> name<span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">}</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> compare_name<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">void</span><span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
    <span class="kw1">return</span> saddr<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1">==</span> saddr<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 未指定行为，调用可能是外部的</span>
<span class="br0">}</span>
<span class="kw2">extern</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span> <span class="sy2">*</span>saddr<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">void</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 外部定义也会生成</span></pre></div></div>
<p>合法的 C 程序必须不依赖于调用函数的内联版本还是外部版本。
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.85.B3.E9.94.AE.E8.AF.8D">关键词</span></h3>
<p><a href="../keyword/inline.html" title="c/keyword/inline"><tt>inline</tt></a>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.B3.A8.E6.84.8F">注意</span></h3>
<p><code>inline</code> 关键词是从 C++ 吸收的，但在 C++ 中，若函数声明为内联，则它必须在每一个翻译单元声明为内联，而且每一个内联函数都必须有准确相同的定义（ C 中，定义可以相异，只要程序行为不依赖这些差异）。另一方面， C++ 允许非 const 的函数局域 static 对象，而且所有来自一个内联函数不同定义版本的函数局部 static 对象都相同，但它们在 C 中不同。
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
<div class="t-example"><div class="t-example-live-link"><div class="coliru-btn coliru-btn-run-init">运行此代码</div></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="c source-c"><pre class="de1"><span class="co1">// file test.h</span>
<span class="co2">#ifndef TEST_H_INCLUDED</span>
<span class="co2">#define TEST_H_INCLUDED</span>
<span class="kw1">inline</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> sum <span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span> a, <span class="kw4">int</span> b<span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
    <span class="kw1">return</span> a<span class="sy2">+</span>b<span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">}</span>
<span class="co2">#endif</span>
 
<span class="co1">// 文件 sum.c</span>
<span class="co2">#include "test.h"</span>
<span class="kw2">extern</span> <span class="kw1">inline</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> sum <span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span> a, <span class="kw4">int</span> b<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 提供外部定义</span>
 
<span class="co1">// 文件 test1.c</span>
<span class="co2">#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span>
<span class="co2">#include "test.h"</span>
<span class="kw2">extern</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> f<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">void</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">void</span><span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
    <a href="../io/fprintf.html"><span class="kw851">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"%d<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, sum<span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu0">1</span>, <span class="nu0">2</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy2">+</span> f<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">}</span>
 
<span class="co1">// 文件 test2.c</span>
<span class="co2">#include "test.h"</span>
 
<span class="kw4">int</span> f<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">void</span><span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
    <span class="kw1">return</span> sum<span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu0">2</span>, <span class="nu0">3</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div></div>
<p>输出：
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="text source-text"><pre class="de1">8</pre></div></div> 
</div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8">引用</span></h3>
<div class="t-ref-std-11">
<ul><li> C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011): 
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 6.7.4 Function specifiers (p: 125-127)
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<div class="t-ref-std-c99">
<ul><li> C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999): 
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 6.7.4 Function specifiers (p: 112-113)
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
<table class="t-dsc-begin">

</table></div>

<!-- 
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Preprocessor generated node count: 4704/1000000
Post‐expand include size: 30986/2097152 bytes
Template argument size: 5473/2097152 bytes
Highest expansion depth: 16/40
Expensive parser function count: 0/100
-->

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